突破干扰项,提高英语阅读理解分数论文
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高考阅读理解着重考查考生对语篇的整体理解及考生综合利用信息解决理由的能力。近年来,广东自主命题的日趋成熟,阅读理解的考查角度越来越灵活,让不少学生一不小心就出差错。其中出题者所设置的各种干扰项更是让学生深陷其中,无法让阅读分数更上一个新的台阶。因此,就阅读理解的细节题和推断题的干扰项理由,进行以下分析。
下面是我班学生近期阅读理解的一些案例。这些案例来看看出题者设置干扰项的共同手法。
A. Skateboarding, bungee jumping, skydiving are not examples of extreme sports.
B. All kinds of injuries come from extreme sports.
C. Injuries to arms, legs and the head are not common injuries in extreme sports.
D. Injuries may happen in just about anything children are going to take part in.
根据原文中的 “Injuries are going to occur in just about anything your child is going to participate in. ”可知正确答案为D。 干扰项B很明显就是绝对性的语气,把的受伤都归到了极限运动去了。把之称为 “绝对性原则”。出题者会用must, never, all, only, completely 等语气很肯定的词代替原文中may, probably, might, be likely, tend to 等。使答案和原句的意思发生了转变,极个别的单词替换也让处于紧张做题的学生察觉,导致错选。
A. There’re cellphones specially designed for kids on the market.
B. Kids aged 6 to 10 he more cellphones than kids at other ages.
C. Kids who he cellphones he fewer friends than those who don’t.
D. Cellphones help kids improve their relationships with friends and families.
根据文章“Some cellphones designed for kids can be set to only work when parents approve.”可知答案为A。但有学生却选了D,这种干扰项的特点是把生活常识作为选项,而文章根本没提及,学生对生活常识极为熟悉,以为会发生这种现象,把这种干扰项称为“无中生有”。
A. to see her father recover from the injury quickly
B. to listen to her father playing the sweetest music
C. to play the violin as well as her father
D. to be sure that her father could play the violin
根据文章“For her, hing him home is the sweetest music”答案为A, 但有学生却选了B,出题者在对原文进行同义转换的过程中,转变了原文中的一些词汇,使得选项的意思和原句发生了微小或大的变化,这种干扰项只是局部错误,却让一些粗心的学生掉进了出题者的陷阱里,称这种干扰为“偷梁换柱”。
这三种干扰方式在细节题和推断题中最常见,有的考生由于各种各样的理由,时常被这些干扰项所迷惑,而错选答案,导致阅读理解的分数停滞不前,从此对英语学习也失去兴趣。笔者从教多年,一直致力于这个课题的研究,也卓有成效。以下是我的一些心得体会。
下面是我班学生近期阅读理解的一些案例。这些案例来看看出题者设置干扰项的共同手法。
1. 绝对性原则
Which of the following is true?A. Skateboarding, bungee jumping, skydiving are not examples of extreme sports.
B. All kinds of injuries come from extreme sports.
C. Injuries to arms, legs and the head are not common injuries in extreme sports.
D. Injuries may happen in just about anything children are going to take part in.
根据原文中的 “Injuries are going to occur in just about anything your child is going to participate in. ”可知正确答案为D。 干扰项B很明显就是绝对性的语气,把的受伤都归到了极限运动去了。把之称为 “绝对性原则”。出题者会用must, never, all, only, completely 等语气很肯定的词代替原文中may, probably, might, be likely, tend to 等。使答案和原句的意思发生了转变,极个别的单词替换也让处于紧张做题的学生察觉,导致错选。
2. 无中生有原则
What can we learn from the text?A. There’re cellphones specially designed for kids on the market.
B. Kids aged 6 to 10 he more cellphones than kids at other ages.
C. Kids who he cellphones he fewer friends than those who don’t.
D. Cellphones help kids improve their relationships with friends and families.
根据文章“Some cellphones designed for kids can be set to only work when parents approve.”可知答案为A。但有学生却选了D,这种干扰项的特点是把生活常识作为选项,而文章根本没提及,学生对生活常识极为熟悉,以为会发生这种现象,把这种干扰项称为“无中生有”。
3. 偷梁换柱原则
To Victoria, the best thing is __________.A. to see her father recover from the injury quickly
B. to listen to her father playing the sweetest music
C. to play the violin as well as her father
D. to be sure that her father could play the violin
根据文章“For her, hing him home is the sweetest music”答案为A, 但有学生却选了B,出题者在对原文进行同义转换的过程中,转变了原文中的一些词汇,使得选项的意思和原句发生了微小或大的变化,这种干扰项只是局部错误,却让一些粗心的学生掉进了出题者的陷阱里,称这种干扰为“偷梁换柱”。
这三种干扰方式在细节题和推断题中最常见,有的考生由于各种各样的理由,时常被这些干扰项所迷惑,而错选答案,导致阅读理解的分数停滞不前,从此对英语学习也失去兴趣。笔者从教多年,一直致力于这个课题的研究,也卓有成效。以下是我的一些心得体会。