科技翻译和文学翻译的差异论文
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摘 要: 文学和科学的研究原则和策略不同。文学翻译注重文学性和艺术性,科技翻译注重科学性、客观性和抽象性。本文对文学翻译与科技翻译进行了实例分析,从修饰与否、模糊程度和逻辑因素三个方面分析了文学翻译和科技翻译的不同,指出了文学翻译和科技翻译在选词、句式、语法方面的差异。
关键词: 文学翻译 科技翻译 修饰性 模糊程度 逻辑因素
It follows then that at every pause the translator makes a choice;and from what has been said in our first chapter about the correspondence of words it follows that his choice is not between a number of equivalents,possibly all more or less inexact.Such a choice depends in large part on the personality of the translator,and that it is essentially an aesthetic choice can not be denied.
看到,文学翻译强调美学效果,而不强调选词的准确对等,相反,它强调一定程度的不对等。文学语言华丽,修饰性强,可以满足人们对美的观感,但科技词汇朴实无华,以准确为美的最高标准。
重峦叠嶂是文学修饰的结果,淡淡的青山是文学的要求,按照实际翻译,淡淡的青山对应“light blue hills”,所以这不是确凿无误的翻译。为什么会这样呢?这就是文学朦胧美的作用,因为按照科技翻译为“灰蓝色的山”,没有美感,给它个朦胧的转变。但是科技翻译只能确凿无误,不能因为修饰而转变。
下面是《儒林外史》中的一个片段:又想到:“老师前日口气,甚是敬他。老师敬他十分,我就该敬他一百分。况且屈尊敬贤,将来志书上,少不得称赞一番,这是万古千年不朽的勾当,有什么做不得?”当下定了主意。
杨宪益和戴乃迭这样翻译:
Yet Mr Wei had spoken of Wang Mien with the greatest respect.“If Mr Wei respects him,I should respect him ten times as much,”Magistrate Shih reflected.“If I stoop in order to show respect to talent,future compilers of the local chronicles will certainly devote a chapter to my praise.Then my name will be remembered for hundreds of years.Why shouldn’t I do it?”So he decided to go.
关键词: 文学翻译 科技翻译 修饰性 模糊程度 逻辑因素
一、引言
国内翻译界一般都认为科技翻译较文学翻译容易一些,诗歌翻译难度最大。因此,对科技翻译的不如对文学翻译的。张今把翻译作品分为应用文翻译、新闻报道翻译、科技作品翻译、社科作品翻译、文学评论翻译、散文翻译和诗歌翻译,指出:“当翻译的作品越富有文学性,其翻译难度就越困难。”他的观点主要是从翻译难易角度衡量不同类型文本的翻译。其实,科技翻译和文学翻译各有特点和难点,不能一概而论。它们在翻译方面具有许多区别。二、科技翻译和文学翻译差异实例分析
(一)修饰性
文学翻译注重修饰,强调美学效果。比如下面这句英文“Until a bright moon lighted the road home,often after midnight.”这句话是我以前翻译的《简·奥斯汀传》里的写景描写,如果用科技英语的语气,就成了“直到一轮明月照亮归家之路,经常是在半夜之后”。科技英语强调的是精确,无需修饰,不被文学的性影响。文学翻译强调美学色彩,所以这句话(同样的一句话,两种不同的翻译)就成了“直到明月照亮归途,这时已过夜半时分了”。文学翻译要选有美学色彩的词汇,而不是选择一系列精确无误的词汇。试看西奥多·萨沃里的文学选词特点,会有深刻的体会。西奥多·萨沃里在《翻译艺术》中说:In this(the choosing of words)his(the translator’s)task is much harder than that of the original author.If the latter seeks a word with which to express a thought or describe an experience,he has ailable many words in his own language and can without much difficulty or delay choose the one that suits him best and pleases him most.The translator of the word thus chosen has to decode on the nearest equivalent,taking into consideration the probable thoughts of the author,the probable feelings of the author’s readers and of his own readers,and of the period in history in which the author lived.It follows then that at every pause the translator makes a choice;and from what has been said in our first chapter about the correspondence of words it follows that his choice is not between a number of equivalents,possibly all more or less inexact.Such a choice depends in large part on the personality of the translator,and that it is essentially an aesthetic choice can not be denied.
看到,文学翻译强调美学效果,而不强调选词的准确对等,相反,它强调一定程度的不对等。文学语言华丽,修饰性强,可以满足人们对美的观感,但科技词汇朴实无华,以准确为美的最高标准。
(二)避开模糊
科技英语的特点是不能含糊。文学翻译强调模糊性,以此达到朦胧美的效果。以写景为例:“The clouds over the land now rose like mountains and the coast was only a long green line with the gray blue hills behind it.”(陆地上的云在冉冉上升,就像重峦叠嶂。海岸变成了一条常常的绿线,背后是一抹淡淡的青山。)重峦叠嶂是文学修饰的结果,淡淡的青山是文学的要求,按照实际翻译,淡淡的青山对应“light blue hills”,所以这不是确凿无误的翻译。为什么会这样呢?这就是文学朦胧美的作用,因为按照科技翻译为“灰蓝色的山”,没有美感,给它个朦胧的转变。但是科技翻译只能确凿无误,不能因为修饰而转变。
(三)逻辑因素
逻辑准确是科技翻译的特点,但文学却常常无逻辑可言。逻辑是科技的基础,所以逻辑清晰本身就是科技文章的特点。下面是《儒林外史》中的一个片段:又想到:“老师前日口气,甚是敬他。老师敬他十分,我就该敬他一百分。况且屈尊敬贤,将来志书上,少不得称赞一番,这是万古千年不朽的勾当,有什么做不得?”当下定了主意。
杨宪益和戴乃迭这样翻译:
Yet Mr Wei had spoken of Wang Mien with the greatest respect.“If Mr Wei respects him,I should respect him ten times as much,”Magistrate Shih reflected.“If I stoop in order to show respect to talent,future compilers of the local chronicles will certainly devote a chapter to my praise.Then my name will be remembered for hundreds of years.Why shouldn’t I do it?”So he decided to go.