商务英语信函的文体特征论文
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[摘要]国际商贸往来的日益频繁,作为商务沟通的主要手段之一,商务英语信函的作用日益凸显。作为一种专业正式的文体,商务英语信函所表达的内容应具体、明确、谨慎且语言简洁,句法严谨,语篇连贯,逻辑性强。分析商务英语信函的结构和格式﹑词汇特征﹑句法特征﹑篇章布局特征以及You-Attitude原则,认清这些文体特征,并在写作中加以遵循,可清楚明了地表达商务意图,彰显职业素养,从而提高在国际商贸交流中的工作效率,推动国际商贸的发展。
[关键词]商务英语信函;文体特征
[]A[文章编号]2095-3283(2013)07-0138-02
缩略语和相关商业术语的大量使用是商务英语的一个突出特色,营造了一种专业的商务语境,言简意赅,便于大家更加简洁方便的沟通。
如:WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织
L/C(Letter of Credit)信用证
F.B(freight bill)运费账单
CERT(certificate)证明
模棱两可:We hope the machines could be shipped as soon as possible.
准确具体:We hope the machines could be shipped before 24th December.
e.g.艰深晦涩:You may peruse the contract and find the solution.
通俗易懂:You may read the contract and find the solution.
冗长的表达:对应的简洁表达:
Take into consideration Consider
At this moment Now
In the near future Soon
Due to the fact that Because
又如:
In the event that you speak to Mr.Wood in regard to production,ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.
If you speak to Mr.Wood about production,ask him to consider the delivery schedule.
从两句的对比中可以很清楚地看到第二句更加简洁明了,能以最有效的方式传达信息。
在信函的开头清楚的点明来信目的:
I am writing to confirm that…
在信函结尾表明希望尽早回复的期待:
We look forward to your early reply.
希望对方能够满足提出的要求:
We would be very grateful if you could / we would greatly appreciate it if you could …
在回复对方来信的时候,回信的开头会出现以下的表达:
We are in receipt of your letter dated 16th September and,as requested,are sending you our latest catalogue and sample books for the Printed Shirting.
[关键词]商务英语信函;文体特征
[]A[文章编号]2095-3283(2013)07-0138-02
一、 商务英语信函的结构和格式
作为一种正式的文体,商务英语信函的结构,主要包括信头(Letter Head)﹑写信日期(Date Line)﹑封内地址(Inside Address)﹑称呼(Salutation)﹑正文(Body of the Letter)﹑结尾敬语(Complimentary Close)﹑签名(Signature)等几个标准,除了这几个必要以外,有时候还会包括附件(Enclosure)﹑再启(Postscript)﹑经办人名称(Attention Line)﹑事由(Subject Line)﹑参考编号(Reference Number)﹑抄送(Carbon Copy,简写为CC)﹑姓名字首缩写(Name Initials)等特别,这几个可以根据写信的具体情况进行增减(诸葛霖,2007)。二、词汇特征
(一)缩略语(Abbreviation)的频繁使用缩略语和相关商业术语的大量使用是商务英语的一个突出特色,营造了一种专业的商务语境,言简意赅,便于大家更加简洁方便的沟通。
如:WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织
L/C(Letter of Credit)信用证
F.B(freight bill)运费账单
CERT(certificate)证明
(二)准确具体的表达
商务环境下的语言交流强调效率,体现在词语的使用上就要做到具体明确,避开表意不明,更不能拐弯抹角,这样才能达到更好的沟通效果。例如:模棱两可:We hope the machines could be shipped as soon as possible.
准确具体:We hope the machines could be shipped before 24th December.
(三)多使用日常词汇
商务英语信函中避开使用陈腐、艰深的词汇,商务信函的宗旨在于以最简洁明了的语言传达最有效的信息(诸葛霖,2007)。e.g.艰深晦涩:You may peruse the contract and find the solution.
通俗易懂:You may read the contract and find the solution.
(四)多使用单个词语
商务信函中要尽量使用单个词汇代替词组、短语和从句,如:冗长的表达:对应的简洁表达:
Take into consideration Consider
At this moment Now
In the near future Soon
Due to the fact that Because
又如:
In the event that you speak to Mr.Wood in regard to production,ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.
If you speak to Mr.Wood about production,ask him to consider the delivery schedule.
从两句的对比中可以很清楚地看到第二句更加简洁明了,能以最有效的方式传达信息。
三、句法特征
不同于其他文学类文体讲究文采、辞藻的特点,商务英语信函重在最有效传达最必要的信息,因而所使用的语言更加简洁准确、清晰明了。(一)套话
商务英语信函中会出现套话,被称作“语块”。商务英语信函语言的地道性和真实性就体现于商务英语信函的语言具有语块性特征,即表现在长期实践中形成的大量固定的文句及专业用语(周正钟,刘志聪,2007)。如:在信函的开头清楚的点明来信目的:
I am writing to confirm that…
在信函结尾表明希望尽早回复的期待:
We look forward to your early reply.
希望对方能够满足提出的要求:
We would be very grateful if you could / we would greatly appreciate it if you could …
在回复对方来信的时候,回信的开头会出现以下的表达:
We are in receipt of your letter dated 16th September and,as requested,are sending you our latest catalogue and sample books for the Printed Shirting.