语篇中的主位结构分析(2)
时间:2009-05-17 00:00 来源:www.yingyulunwen.com 点击:次
例如: (6)But(语篇成分)he(话题成分)//waslucky. (7)Certainly(人际成分)he//waslucky. (8)But(语篇成分)certainly(人际成分)he(话题成分)||waslucky. 语篇成分一般包括yes,no,oh,well,now等“连续成分”(co
例如:
(6)But(语篇成分) he(话题成分) //was lucky.
(7)Certainly(人际成分 ) he // was lucky.
(8)But(语篇成分) certainly(人际成分 ) he(话题成分) || was lucky.
语篇成分一般包括 yes, no, oh, well, now 等“连续成分”(continuative), and, yet, so, even, if, however等“结构成分”(structural)和 therefore, in other words, so far as that is concerned等“连接成分”(conjunctive)。
人际成分包括:certainly, to be frank, surely, unfortunately, broadlyspeaking等“情态成分”(modal)、一般疑问句中的“限定成分”(finite)和 John, Mr. Smith, boys and girls, ladies and gentlemen 等“称呼成分”(vocative)。如:
(11)Well but then(语篇成分) Ann surely wouldn#39;t(人际成分) the best idea(话题成分)//be to join the group?(胡壮麟等 1996:137;朱永生等2004:154)
话题成分又可称为“话题主位”(topical theme),它是复项主位结构中的最后一个组成部分,但它是复项主位结构中必不可少的一部分,因为它是构成主位的核心。
2、3句项主位
句项主位指的是由整个小句充当主位,即由传统语法里主从句中的从句或由动词的非谓语形式构成的短语, 如-ed和-ing 短语都可以成为句项主位。例如:
(9)That they don#39;t know how to learn English by listening and reading(T) // is a big problem(R).
(10)If winter comes, (T)//can spring be far behind(R)?
(11)If it is fine tomorrow, (T) // we will go shopping(R).
(12)While talking with him, (T) // I found him a good person(R).
(13)Without saying a word, (T) // he left the room immediately(R).