终于确定了论文题目了Emily Dickinson ，最近有好多事情要忙咯。论文准备写Emily Dickson了。也许好多人没有听过她，也许有人很喜欢她。是啊，象她这么淡薄名利，生前只发表了几首小诗的人，怎么可能人人知晓呢？如她这样细腻独特，死后发现了一千七百多首诗的人，怎么会没有人喜欢她呢？
我总感觉她是中国的李清照．她美玉般的诗句新颖独特，简约凝练，而又情真意切，扣人心弦。她似乎生活在远离世俗的纯净真空世界里。南北战争，欧洲风云，文坛论战，一切都不曾进入她思想的花园。她安静优雅，心气祥和，闭门幽居，遁世绝尘，过着超凡脱俗般的生活。然而她的内心世界是丰富多彩，复杂多变的。她勤奋好学，博览群书，喜欢莎士比亚的戏剧、霍桑的小说， 更喜欢白朗宁夫人和勃朗蒂姐妹等女作家。她的诗是心灵的产物，她把自己的感情全部倾注到诗中，正如Ｊｏａｎ Ｋｉｒｋｂｙ所说：“对于埃米莉>迪金森而言，诗乃思想之居所。”她自甘寂寞，宁静淡泊，不慕虚名，不求盛达，做出了异乎寻常的人生抉择。
With reference to at least three poems, discuss Emily Dickinson's attitudes towards mortality.
Emily Dickinson's poems "Because I Could Not Stop for Death", "I Heard A Fly Buzz-When I Died", and "I Felt A Funeral In My Brain" all deal with one of life's few certainties, death. Dickinson's intense curiosity towards mortality was present in much of her work, and is her legacy as a poet.
"Because I could Not Stop for Death" is one of Emily Dickinson's most discussed and famous poems due to its ambiguous, and unique view on the popular subject of death. Death in this poem is told as a woman's last trip, which is headed toward eternity. This poem helps to characterize and bring death down to a more personal level. Different from the more popular views of death being brutal and cruel, Dickinson makes death seem passive and easy. The theme of the poem being that death is natural and unstoppable for everybody, but at the same time giving comfort that it is not the end of a soul's journey. The reader can recognize the poem's theme by analysing its voice, imagery, figures of speech, form, diction and especially symbolism; all of which help the reader to understand the poem's meaning. The precise form that Dickinson uses throughout the poem helps convey her message to the reader. The poem is written in five quatrains. The way in which each stanza is written i! n a quatrain gives the poem unity and makes it easy to read. "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" starts to gives the reader a feeling of forward movement throughout the second and third quatrain. For example, in line 5, Dickinson begins death's journey with a slow, forward movement, which can be seen as she writes, "We slowly drove-He knew no haste." The third quatrain seems to speed up as the trinity of death, immortality, and the speaker pass the children playing, the fields of grain, and the setting sun one after another. The poem seems to get faster as life goes through its course. In lines 17 and 18, however, the poem seems to slow down as Dickinson writes, "We paused before a House that seemed / A Swelling of the Ground-." The reader is given a feeling of life slowly ending. Another way in which Dickinson uses the form of the poem to convey a message to the reader occurs on line four as she writes, "And Immortality." The word "Immortality" is given a line by its! elf to show its importance. Perhaps the most notable way in which Dickinson uses form is when she ends the poem with a dash, which seems to indicate that the poem is never ending, just as eternity is never ending. "I heard a Fly buzz-when I died," points to a disbelief in heaven or any form of afterlife. In this poem, a woman is lying in bed with her family and friends standing all around waiting for her to die. While the family is waiting for her to pass on, she is waiting for "...the King..." This symbolizes some sort of god that will take her away. As the woman dies, her eyes, or windows as they are referred to in the poem, fail and then she "...could not see to see-." As she died she saw "the light" but then her eyes, or windows, failed and she saw nothing. This is the suggestion of there being no afterlife. The woman's soul drifted off into nothingness because there was no afterlife for it to travel to. This is the complete opposite belief about afterlife in Dickinson's other poem, "Because I Could Not Stop for Death", which indicated that life is a never-ending journey. These two poems deal with similar topics however they are entirely different in that one believes in lif! e after death and the other does not.
Life, death, and reincarnation are portrayed in Emily Dickinson's poem "I Felt A Funeral In My Brain." The use of words associated with death gives the poem an ominous and dark persona. To add to this tone, important words that are strong in meaning are capitalized. At the beginning of this poem the feelings of grief and pain are evident. Throughout the rest of the poem, there was a strong sense that the speaker needs to make a choice between a world full of trouble and pain or a heaven that brings solitude and peace. This is all part of a vicious cycle. Sometimes when life doesn't turn out for the best, you need to wait until your cycle is up. This is reflected clearly at the end of the poem. The speaker lives life, passes away, and is reborn again into this world all throughout this poem's entirety. The first two words of this poem reveal strong feelings. The words "I felt" show that the speaker is talking about themselves. In line 1, the words "I felt a funeral in! my brain," sparks thoughts of death. The word "funeral" combined with the word "brain" can be simplified into the fact that death was inside the speaker. "and mourners to and fro/kept treading-treading-till it seemed/that sense was breaking through-"(2,3,4). Here the speaker is bothered by their inner death that keeps mourning throughout their head. The dashes between "treading-treading-,"allow a pause between the two words, inducing a long, repetitive treading. This repetition causes irritation. Finally, "sense was breaking through" (4). This simply means that the constant repetition is now starting to make sense. A feeling of relief has surfaced, but only for a short while. In the third stanza voices start to take over by opening a box. Shown in lines9 through 11, "and then I heard them lift a box/and creak across my soul/with those same boots of lead." This box is opened and all the problems and troubles lingering inside are released upon the speaker like "boots of ! lead" weighing the speaker down. These problems build up and "the space began to toll." Portraying suicidal thoughts, the speaker can't take anymore and it's all beginning "to toll," meaning that it is coming close to the end. This poem has a darker persona than the others, because of the suicidal implications. The word "finished" is emphasized like other words throughout the poem, but the use of "finished" at the end of this poem fits accordingly. It also fits well at the end of this poem because not only was the poem over but it also signifies the end of life and the start of a new one. The lines separating "then" at the very end make it seem as though the words are fading away as did the thoughts of the speaker from the past. The speaker made it through the cycle of life, living, dying and rebirth. Each stage was a hard endeavour, with some, followed a period of relief, and others followed with a sense of desperation, as if things will never get better. Heaven and Earth'! s descriptions contrast each other so much, but no matter how peaceful heaven seems, the gloomy tone still lurks throughout. The vicious cycle of life will always continue, as was reflected in the poem. Emily Dickinson's views on death changed from poem to poem depending on her mood. Her writings also spanned over many years and one can see a progression in her thoughts on the subject of death as she matured as a person. Dickinson was not as interested in detail, but rather the circumference of the idea. In these three poems, Emily has also suggested the uncertainty and uncontrollability of death. Everyone has these plans of how things are supposed to go when we die. Or we just assume that we will experience a peaceful extinguishment of life. The persona of these poems signifies that, even though we might have plans about the end, death is uncontrollable and unimaginable.
Death is the supreme unknown; Mankind naturally fears what is unknown. Emily Dickinson is no different. Her works "Because I Could Not Stop For Death", "I Heard A Fly Buzz When I Died", and "I Felt A Funeral In My Brain" all explored the subject of death. She was naturally scared of the thought of dying and explored many of the great questions in her poetry. Is there a Heaven or an afterlife? If you kill yourself will you still go to heaven? Is it your fate when you die? These are just some of the questions that people have asked themselves, and because Emily Dickinson is deceased, she now knows all the answers.
我啜饮过生活的芳醇——
付出了什么,告诉你吧——
不多不少，整整一生……
“为什么我爱”你，先生
因为—
风，从不要求小草
回答，为什么他经过
她就不能不动摇
因为他知道，而你，
你不知道—
我们不知道—
我们有这样的智慧
也就够了。
我从未见过荒原——
我从未见过海洋——
却知道石楠*的形态
知道波浪的模样。
我从未和上帝交谈
从未访问过天堂——
却知道天堂的位置
仿佛有图在手上。
我们学完了爱的全部—
词汇，字母—
短篇，巨著—
然后，闭合启示录—
但是在彼此的眼睛里
却看见一种无知—
比童稚更加神圣—
彼此相对，都是孩子—
都试图阐述一门
谁也不懂的学问—
啊，智慧是如此博大，
真理是如此复杂。
我们有一份黑夜要忍受—
我们有一份黎明—
我们有一份欢乐的空白要填充—
我们有一份憎恨—
这里一颗星那里一颗星，
有些，迷了方向！
这里一团雾那里一团雾，
然后，阳光！
没有一个舞台能让我饰演自己的戏，但思想本身就是自己的舞台，也定义着自己的存在。记录一个就是同时记录另一个，就像将开得最美的鲜花夹在书页间一样。所以，让这个日记成为写给自己的信吧，这样就无需回信。
但是我有我的世界可以说话，所以我用信件来表达自己的爱。我从来不打算寄出去，就让纸页吸收我的痛就好。努力追求一颗不可得的心灵让我十分疲乏，接着我好像听见细微的警告，说爱情不能与智慧长存。这样的选择对我而言太过困难，几乎快将我的心撕裂。但是这些年来的成长带来了平静，也抚平了身体的伤痕。
肉体的相伴并不能减轻孤独，如果不能了解彼此。虽然“两人合而为一”，便这样的陪伴还是可能失败。与自己作伴是最高的快乐，我们内在的听众就是我们的好朋友。
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